datecon
Introduction
Introduction
Timeliness
Selection of Texts
Alternatives and Choices
The Emergence of Knowledge
The Authors
The Translations
Different Paths
Sources
Oral Records
(Accounts that suggest insights into pre-written humanistic thought)
Bushmen
Introduction
The Sun and the Children
The Girl Who Made Stars
To the Young Moon
The Broken String
Thoughts About Returning Home
The Bushman Drum and Dancing Rattles
How Dancing Rattles are Prepared
Beating the !Goin!Goin Drum for Honey
The Bushman Dance
Death and the Rain
What the Wind Does After Death
Treatment of Thieves
Source
Maori
Introduction
Origination
Love For My Native Land
Soliloquy Of A Solitary Woman
Let Me Stay Here
Soliloquy Of An Invalid With Asthma
Lament for Tuterangiwhaitiri
Three Men Came By, But Not Te Ikanui
Lullaby for Maid-of-the-Dawn
A Lament For His Son
My Wife Gone, I Destroy My House
Sources
Eskimo
Introduction
Everything in Me is Song
Songs Are Thoughts
The Joy of a Singer
The Song of the Trout Fisher
Little Child
How Sacred Songs Were Made
You See Us Happy Now
Why We are so Fond of Laughing
What I Desire out of Life
Why Is Life As It Is?
Peace Through Trade
When the First Caribou were Tamed
The Old Woman’s Blessing
Sources
Bantu
Introduction
Choose a Husband Who Listens
Haste May Be Essential
The Future is Better than the Past
Avoid Incurring Painful Obligations
A Slave may Work For Freedom
Justice for the Lowly
Monkeys Do No Work
A Child Can Catch a Lie
A Child Deserves a Fair Share
A Youngster has a Right not to be Robbed
A Child Sold into Slavery has a Right to Escape
An Insult To an In-Law Incurs Another
Debts to In-Laws Must be Paid
I am Calling You Loud
Beware of the River
Don’t Dance Off with Miss Rabbit!
A Little Bird Shall Reveal You
Lamba Proverbs
Sources
Ifaluk
Introduction
Navigating by Stars
A Husband Lost at Sea
Love for a Stranger
For Three Sons at Sea
Bonito Trolling Song
Lemang’s Lament for A Daughter
Source
North American Indian
Introduction
A Newborn Is Introduced to the Cosmos
Hopi Lullaby
Children Of The Land
Korosta Katzina Song
Learning To Hunt
Look Again
Song of the Rain Chant
Teachings of My Father - For a Daughter
When Our Earth Mother Is Replete
No Matter How Hard I Try
Teachings of My Father - For a Son
Twelfth Song of the Thunder
Health
In Beauty May I Walk
The Importance of Stories
Fire-Fly Song
Pipe of Peace
Warrior Song
All My Song is Lost and Gone
Sources
Bedouin
Introduction
A Desert Encampment
Refuge from Danger
Her Mouth
In Praise of His Love
Storm in the Desert
Age and Wisdom
Wine and Generosity
Raging War
A Swift Camel
Enjoyment of Life
Sources
Yukaghir
Introduction
The Song of an Old Man
Love Song of a Young Man
When Our Camps Separated
There Stood a Handsome Fir
To the Frozen Sea
Libation Song for a Birth Ceremony
Source
Dekanawidah
Introduction
The Great Peace
Admission of Other Nations
Opening the Council
Deliberative Bodies
Procedures Among Nations
Matrilineal Vesting of Chiefship
Replacement of a Confederate Chief
Wampum Records
Death of a Confederate Chief
Election of Pine Tree Chiefs
Names, Duties and Rights of War Chiefs
Clans and Consanguinity
Rights of Royaneh Women
Symbols of the Confederacy
Removal of Erring Chiefs
Emblems of Unity
Rights of Inhabitants
Powers of War
Rights of the People
Protection of Rites and Festivals
Protection of Dwellings
Sources
Written Records:
(By author in order of date of birth or initial date of period when authorship may have occurred)
Before 1000 BCE
Sumerian Scribes
Introduction
Praise of Culgi
Praise of Shulgi
Praise of Ur-Namma
Praise of Urukagina
Praise of Gudea
Lullaby for a Son
The Lament for Sumer and Urim
Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave
Sources
Sumerian Love Poems
Introduction
My Honey-Sweet
As I was Strolling
Vigorously He Sprouted
Let Me Teach You the Lies of Women
Erect for Me My Flowered Bed
Man Of My Heart
Lu-dingir-ra's Praise of His Mother
Sources
Ptahhotep
Introduction
Follow Your Heart
Conduct
Trust
In Public
Humility
Friendship
Family
Leadership
Superiors
Disputes
The Worth of Precepts
Source
Hammurabi
Introduction
Witnesses and Judges
Theft
Sons
Officers
Fields and Production
Trade
Wine Selling
Debt
Marriage
Battery
Physicians
Construction
Hired Property
Rural Crimes
Slaves
Source
Introduction
The Battle
The Triumph
Enkidu Dies
Gilgamesh’s Lament
Must I Die Too?
Suddenly There Is Nothing
Source
Egyptian Poems
Introduction
Sister Without Peer
My Brother Torments My Heart
My Heart Flutters Hastily
I Passed Before His House
Sickness Invaded Me
How Well She Knows To Cast The Noose
If Only I Were Made Doorkeeper
Saam-Plants Here Summon Us
It Is Her Love That Gives Me Strength
Source
Amenemope
Introduction
Respect the Weak, Reject the Evil
Time Changes All
Act with Rectitude
Avoid Trouble-Making
Be Generous Towards Others
Source
1000 - 500 BCE
Chinese Odes
Introduction
The Great Preface
The Plum Tree
In Springtime
The Wind Blows
War Robs Us of Our Wives
A Large Man, So Much at Ease
The Wife of the Marquis of Wei
My Husband is Away on Service
I Pray You, Mr. Chung
The Willows at the East Gate
The Farming Calendar
Admirable Guests
None Equal to Brothers
On Drinking Too Much
Source
Homer
Introduction
Agamemnon's Arrogance
Protecting the Bearer of Bad News
The Cause of a Pestilence
The Quarrel Between Agammenon and Achilles
Achilles' Threat
Agamemnon's Arrogant Answer
Achilles Swears to Not Fight
Achilles' Prayer
The Death of Patroclus
Achilles' Remorse
Hector and Andromache
Source
Levite Priests
Introduction
Behave Justly Towards Others
Respect The Family and the Old
Have Compassion
Preserve Justice
Limit Slavery
Avoid Superstition
Restrict Sexual Relations
Apply Punishment
Sources
Carvaka
Introduction
Only the Material World Exists
Pleasure and Pain
Ritual as a Livelihood
Hell as Mundane
Intelligence Resides in the Body
No Logical Basis for Inference
Testimony as no Basis for Inference
Comparison no Basis for Inference
Spontaneity in Nature
Sources
VardhamanaIntroduction
The Principles
Goals In Life
Inflow Of Karmas
Stopping Karmic Inflow
Activities Of The Self
The Physical World
Knowledge
Sources
Buddha
Introduction
The Path to Enlightenment
The Fourfold Truth
The Eightfold Way
Dependent Origination
Five Elements of Existence
Non-Attachment
Enlightenment
No Permanent Self
At the End of Life
Sources
Lao Tzu
Introduction
Origination
Personal Conduct
Government
War
Sources
Confucius
Introduction
The Doctrine of Equilibrium and Harmony
The Great Learning
Confucius Himself
Learning
The Superior Man
Virtue
The Mean Man
Government
Sources
Aeschylus
Introduction
The Sacrifice at Aulis
The Death of Iphigenia
The Gift of Helen
Clytemnestra’s Welcome to Agamemnon
Clytemnestra’s Revenge
The Elders Judge Clytemnestra
The Furies Claim Orestes
Athena Convenes a Jury Trial
Justice By Jury
The Rage of the Furies
The Furies Calmed
Sources
500 - 400 BCE
Greek Analects
Introduction
Solon
Thales
Anaximander
Pythagoras
Xenophanes
Heraclitus
Alcmaeon
Parmenides
Epicharmus
Empedocles
Anaxagoras
Protagoras
Thrasymachus
Diogenes
Archytas
Anaxarchus
Antiphon
Sources
Euripedes
Introduction
Insincerity and a Vacillating Mind
Oaths Made With Slight Thought
The Rebuke of a Husband
A Daughter’s Plea for Her Life
War and a Mother
A Daughter’s Sorrow After War
Marriage and War
Murder of a Child by War
Outward Signs Do Not Denote The Man
Riches Do Not Make a Man
Better Poor and Honest
Patriotism and War are Good For You
Generals May Act Like Brutes
Sources
Gorgias
Introduction
The Defense of Palamedes
Poetry and Art
Persuasion
On Nature
Source
Mo Tzu
Introduction
Humanism
Universal Love
Promote the Talented
Against Offensive War
Consequences Matter
Reading and Listening
How To Examine a Doctrine
Against Fatalism
Source
Socrates
Introduction
The Trial
The Search for Wisdom
Acting the Part of the Good Man
The Sentence
The Greatest Good
Death
Source
Democritus
Introduction
Happiness
On Cheerfulness
Self-Discipline
Pleasure
Character
Friendship
Knowledge
Learning
Government
Justice
Children
Sources
Thucydides
Introduction
The Early History of Greece
Agamemnon
The Funeral Oration of Pericles
Source
Hippocrates
Introduction
The Oath of Hippocrates
On Ancient Medicine
On the Sacred Disease (Epilepsy)
Source
Tamil Love Poems
Introduction
Praise
Longing
Joy
Source
400 - 200 BCE
Chuang Tzu
Introduction
Knowledge
Immortality
Meaning and Ambiguity
Generation by Opposites
Knowing and Not Knowing
Dreams
Nature and Government
Ocean and River
The Measure of Man
Relative Judgment
Beauty and Love
Source
Mencius
Introduction
Benevolence, Righteousness, Propriety, Knowledge
How Men Are Similar
How Men Differ
Natural Passions
The Superior Man
On Government
Livelihood
Education
Source
Bhagavad Gita
Introduction
Preparations for Battle
Arjuna’s Remorse
The Sin of Killing
Defilement in Distress
Grieve for the Dead
Source
Note
Epicurus
Introduction
Philosophy
Gods
Pleasure
Pain
Happiness
Friendship
Death
Independence
Wealth
Science
Atoms
The Universe
Mind
Prudence
Sources
Asoka
Introduction
Remorse For Aggression
Conquest by Teaching
The Dharma
Welfare of the People
Religious Tolerance
Sources
Euclid
Introduction
Geometric Definitions
Geometric Postulates
Common Notions
Constructing an Equilateral Triangle
Pythagoras’s Theorem
Rational and Irrational Quantities--Definitions
Source
Xunzi
Introduction
Inner Power
Definitions
Education
The Gentleman
The Scholar
Courage
Consequences
Dangerous Words
Source
Hebrew Songs
Introduction
In Praise of the Lover
You Have Stolen My Heart
My Love Turned Away
Many Waters Cannot Quench Love
Sources
Han Fei Tzu
Introduction
A Country’s Strength Depends on Law
Promote Followers of the Law
Beware of Promotion by Reputation or Partisanship
Civil Decay Follows Punishment of the Innocent
Efficient Administration Depends on Upholding the Law
Let the Law Select Leaders
The Law Treats All Alike
Source
Koheleth
Introduction
Emptiness
Kings
The End of Life
Wisdom and Folly
Everything has its Time
Enjoy Life
To the Young
Source
Polybius
Introduction
The Roman Conquest
The Importance of a Constitution
The Cycle of Six Forms of Government
Origins of a Constitution
Origins of Goodness and Justice
Emergence of Kingship
Rise of Tyranny
Rise and Fall of Aristocratic Rule
Rise and Fall of Democracy
The Cycle of Constitutional Revolutions
The Roman Constitution
The Consuls
The Senate
The People
Balance of Powers
Decay of Governments
Source
200 BCE - 200 CE
Jesus Ben Sirach
Introduction
Living
Friendship
Family
Riches
Eating and Drinking
Lending and Borrowing
The Poor
The Rich and Powerful
Men to Avoid
Dreams
Advice
Death
Source
Sima Qian
Introduction
Benefits of Unification of China
The Emperor on his Treatment of his People
Destruction of History and Free Speech
The Search for Immortality
The Scholar’s Plot
The Execution of 460 Scholars
The First Emperor’s Treatment of his People
The First Emperor’s Rule
Source
Tiruvalluvar
Introduction
Virtue
Love
Family
Goodness
Harmony
Sin
Vegetarianism
Truth
Wisdom
Opportunity
Justice
Speech
Friendship
Folly
Fortune
Wealth
Poverty
Source
Lucretius
Introduction
Fear of Death
Material Nature of Mind
Different Natures
The Mortality of Mind
Nothing to Fear in Death
The Struggle to Escape Oneself
Source
Vitruvius
Introduction
Connections in Architecture
The Education of an Architect
On Budget Overruns
Source
Jesus of Nazareth
Introduction
The Way
Loving Compassion
Living
Generosity and Injustice
Finding What Is Lost
Fruitfulness
Source
Wang Ch'ung
Introduction
Origination
Spontaneous Action
The Purposeless Heavens
The Indifferent Heavens
Destiny
Ghosts
The Dead
No Messages From Beyond
Fictitious Influences
Eminent Drunkards
Superstition and Prejudice
On Divination
Dreams
On Not Flying to Heaven
Desire And The Long Life
A Word on Dragons
Source
Epictetus
Introduction
Things Within Our Power
The Nature of Things
What can be Influenced
Judgment of Events
A Governing Principle
Conduct
Sources of Opinion
Results of Principles
Source
200 - 800 CE
Lu Chi
Introduction
The Motive for Poetry
Meditation Before Writing
The Working Process
The Joy of Writing
On Form
The Making of a Composition
Five Shortcomings
The Secret of Artistry
The Source of Literature and Discipline
Of Inspiration
The Service of Literature
Sources
Augustine
Introduction
Recalling Images
Memories-Individual, Separate, Personal
Memory-Basis for Actions, Hopes
Admiration of Memory
Memory of Significance
Memory and Cogitation
Remembering
Recalling Emotions
Naming and Memory
Forgetfulness
Searching Memory
Theory of Time
Theory of Mind
Source
Justinian
Introduction
Justice and Law
The Law of Nature, the Law of Nations, and Civil Law
The Law of Persons
Men Free Born
Freedmen
Repeal of the Lex Fufia Caninia
Paternal Power
Marriage
T he Different Kinds of Things
Soldiers Wills
Obligations Arising from Delict
Robbery
Injuries
Public Prosecutions
Source
Hitomaro
Introduction
On the Sovereign's Visit to the Palace in Yoshinu
Prince Karu's Retreat To Remember His Father
On Leaving His Wife in Ihami (I)
On Leaving His Wife in Ihami (II)
On the Death of His Wife (I)
On Seeing a Corpse on the Shore
On the Death of His Wife (II)
On His Approaching Death
Source
Li Po
Introduction
On A Picture Screen
To Wang Lun
Three—With the Moon and His Shadow
Taking Leave of a Friend
To His Two Children
A Mountain Revelry
The Old Dust
Chuang Tzu And The Butterfly
His Dream Of The Skyland: A Farewell Poem
A Vindication
Nefarious War
Before The Cask of Wine
Source
Du Fu
Introduction
The Chariots Go Forth to War
War
The Fireflies
The Parrot
Source
Po Chu i
Introduction
The Dragon of the Black Pool
The Grain Tribute
The Dwarfs of Tao-Chou
The Old Man with the Broken Arm
Kept Waiting
The Philosopher (Lao Tzu)
The Red Cockatoo
Drunk Again
A Lament for my Son Ts’uiA Forsaken Garden
Golden Bells
Remembering Golden Bells
Planting a Lichi Tree
The Almond Blossoms of Chao Village
On Being Stricken with Paralysis
Night on the West River
Sources
800 - 1100 CE
Tsurayuki
Introduction
Origins of Poetry
Categories of Poetry
Themes of Poetry
Early Japanese Poetry
Poetic Criticism
The Kokinwakashiu Anthology
Poetry Endures
Source
Albiruni
Introduction
Hearsay
Reliability of Sources
Understanding other Nations
Understanding India
Errors of Scribes
Errors of Versifying
Errors of Religion
Errors of Nationalism
Value of Science
Causes of Eclipses
Rays from the Sun
India was Once a Sea
Witchcraft and Alchemy
Duration of an Era
Era of the Creation
Era of the Deluge
Origins of Idols
Value of Understanding
Sources
Al Maarri
Introduction
A Friend Who Can Talk Well
Death Stalks the Night
Falsehood is Perpetual Loss
What Choice has Man?
The Present Hour is Yours
None to Lead but Reason
The Large Gifts of Death
Refrain from Speech
Leaders Wrong Their Subjects
Servants of the People
Creation Reveals A Lack of Sense
The Two Universal Sects
Truth Hides Her Face
I No Longer Steal from Nature
The Cheat of Sacred Rights
A Spoken Lie Enforced by Blood
The Bitter Draught of Life
Disbelieve in Transmigration
Death's Debt is Paid in Full
The Scoundrel's Plea
Guidance of Confusion
Who is Saved from the Grave?
The Arrogant beneath our Feet
Victory will Bring Revenge
Life's Short Thread
Perish or Live in Pain
Scenes that Stun Introspection
The Hand Lies Open
Time and Space
Creator of Wrongs
The Body is Your Vase
Shattered Like Glass
Sources
Samuel ha-Nagid
Introduction
An Invitation
The Power of the Pen
Man Runs towards the Grave
Two Bouts of Woe
The Citadel
I Look up to the Sky
Source
Bilhana
Introduction
Clinging to a Lost Learning
My Heavy Heart is Broken up
Memory Racked with Love
The Hot Taste of Life
Sources
Omar Khaiyyam
Introduction
Dawn
Time
Paradise
Mortality
Clear Past Regrets
Like Wind I Go
Be Merry with the Fruitful Grape
Destiny
Spring Shall Vanish
Sources
Introduction
History and the Stream of Time
The Rise of the Norman Raiders
The Excuse to Assault Byzantium
The Pope's Quarrel Helps Robert Guiscard
Robert Promises Aid for the Pope
Robert Ignores the Pope’s Request for HelpThe Start of the First Crusade
The Massacre at Nicaea
King of Kings Cast Up by the Waves
The Naval Battle with Count of Prebentza
The Fighting Priest
The Oath to Protect the Emperor's Territory
Bohemund Takes the Oath
The Siege of Antioch
Alexius Diverted from Antioch
Bohemond Claims Antioch for Himself
Odiferous Bohemond Resurrected in Italy
Alexius Counters Bohemond's Slanders
Bohemond Returns to Byzantium
Alexius Plots with Forged Non-Letters
A Treaty with Bohemond
Sources
1100 - 1300 CE
Chu Hsi
Introduction
The Rule of Existence
Law, Nature and Feelings
Good and Evil
The Physical Element
Mind
Perfecting the Mind
Preserving the Mind
Love
Love and Righteousness
Wisdom
Solicitude, Sincerity, Seriousness
Inward and Outward Conduct
Sources
Kamo no Chomei
Introduction
Transitory Man and His Dwellings
Gale and Fire Storm
Political Upheaval
Death from Famine
Destruction by Earthquake
The Move Towards Tranquility
The Ten Foot Hut
Contemplation of Scenery
Poetry and Music
Enjoying Simple Company
Unwearying Beauty
A House for My Own Needs
Rely On Your Own Feet
Achieving a Mind at Rest
Source
Sa'di
Introduction
The Rose Garden
Purgatory May Be Paradise
The Wrestler
King and Peasant
A Poet’s Wit The Unmelodious
Parrot and Crow
Laila and Majnun
May and January
Father and Son
Schoolmasters
Experience
Sayings
Source
Ibn Khallikan
Introduction
al Maarri
Jamil
Abu Nuwas Ibn Hani
Zu ‘r-Rumma al-Farazdak
Yakut al-Hamawi
Abu Bakr Ibn Baki
Ibn at-Tathriya
Yakub Ibn Killis
Ibn Sabir al-Manjaniki
Source
Kenko
Introduction
Friendship
Reading and Writing
Fondness for Women
Frugality
Dwellings
Travel
The Past
Mourning
Propriety
Drunkenness
Thought Impressions
Time’s Urgency
Source
1300 - 1450 CE
Petrarch
Introduction
The power of poetry
Admiration of mountains
Literature and life
Literary fame
The vanity of his passion
Love follows him everywhere
Counsel to abandon earthly pleasure
On his supposed death.
His lyre is now attuned only to woe
From The Life of Solitude
Sources
Boccaccio
Introduction
From Avarice to Generosity
Ancient Sparks of Love
Quickness
Rural Beauty
Turning a Woman into a Mare
Pleasing and Pleased by Ladies
Defense of the Decameron
Poetry is a Useful Art
A Definition of Poetry
Boccaccio’s Passion for Poetry
Sources
Hafiz
Introduction
You Little Turk of Shiraz-Town
Preacher, it is All in Vain
Last Night, as Half Asleep I Dreaming Lay
We are Deep in Love with Solitude
Before You Wander in Love’s Street
On the Death of His Wife
A Grievous Folly Shames My Sixtieth Year
Forget Not, My Heart, Your Ancient Friends
My Heart Aches with Happiness To-night
I Sought the Tavern at the Break of Day
Rejoice My Heart, Before the Springtime Goes
On the Death of His Little Son
Source
Ibn Khaldun
Introduction
Observations on History
Estimating the Size of Armies
The Science of Society
Attributes of Man
Empires have Their Natural Term
Source
Bruni
Introduction
Learned Women
Importance of Reading
Guidance from the Past
Oratory and Poetry
The Importance of Expression
Epicurean Moral Philosophy
Aristotelean Moral Philosophy
Stoic Moral Philosophy
Virtue as Habit
Fortitude and Temperance
Liberality and Avarice
Good Temper and Affability
Justice
Virtues of the Soul
Intellectual Virtues
Happiness
Sources
Manetti
Introduction
Pope Innocent III on Man’s Afflictions
Pleasures of External Senses
Intellectual Pleasures
Pleasures Overcome Afflictions
Frivolous Arguments About Afflictions
Man is Gifted with Rationality
Innocent III’s Ignorance
His Etymological Errors
His Errors Invalidate His Arguments
Man’s Nakedness The Fruits of Man
The Span of Life
Pleasures of Old Age
Source
Valla
Introduction
The Claim to the Roman Empire
Anomalies in the Behavior of the Emperor Constantine
Anomalies in the Behavior of Pope Sylvester
Lack of Supporting Evidence
Contradiction by Historical Records
Errors in Terminology
Errors of Fact
Source
Appendix: Text of the Donation of Constantine
1450 - 1500 CE
Erasmus
Introduction
Friends in Books
When to Escape
Old Learning
The Life of Letters
Panegyrics
Lost Literature
War
Conduct in Life
In Praise of Folly
Folly Speaks
Sources
Machiavelli
Introduction
On Taking Power
On Allies and Subordinates
Qualities for Praise or Blame
Liberality or Miserliness?
Cruelty or Compassion?
Be Feared or Loved?
Keep One’s Word or Not?
Importance of Appearances
Avoid Being Despised and Hated
The Value of Enemies
On Gaining Renown
Choosing Subordinates
Avoiding Flatterers
Living with Chance
Source
Wang Yang-ming
Introduction
The Unity
Mind and Principles
Investigating Things
Virtue, Harmony, and Morality
Intuitive Faculty
Pride, Humility, Joy
Passion, Desire
Knowledge Implies Practice
The Great Learning
Source
Copernicus
Introduction
The Decision To Publish
The Reason For A New System
The Mobility Of The Earth
The Universe Is Spherical
The Earth Is Spherical
The Motion Of The Heavenly Bodies
Circular Motion Of The Earth
The Position Of The Earth
The Immensity Of The Heavens
The Sun As Stationary
The Planets Circle The Sun
The Symmetry Of The Universe
Summary-The Earth’s Triple Motion
Source
More
Introduction
The Futility of Counseling Kings
Against the Death Penalty for Theft
Alternative Forms of Punishment
Against War
Against Accumulation of Wealth
Against Private Property
Utopia—The Six-hour Working Day
Why Other Nations are not so Productive
Moral Philosophy—Happiness
Concern for the Public Good
Pleasure and Happiness
False Notions of Pleasure
Bodily Pleasures
Pleasures of the Mind
Religious Tolerance
Slaves
Care for Hygiene and Health
Sources
Vives
Introduction
Our Obligations to the Poor
Regard Another’s Distress as One’s Own
Institutions for the Poor are State Responsibilities
We Must Make an Survey of the Poor
Provide Work for the Able Poor
The Poor Should have a Trade
Even the Dissipated Should be Given Food
Craftsmen Should be Trained to Run Workshops
Ensure Existing Institutions are not Corrupt
Care of the Insane
Prevent Misuse of Funds for the Poor
Advantages Of Relieving Poverty
Act Humanly to the Poor
The Nature of Wisdom
Necessities are Few
Love All Men
On Education
Sources
Rabelais
Introduction
In Praise of Debtors and Borrowers
Further Praise of Borrowers and Lenders
Abhorrence of Debtors and Borrowers
Trial of a Judge Using Dice
Why Law Papers Should be Looked Over
Source
1500 - 1565 CE
Elizabethan Poets
Introduction
Remembrance
Epigram Written in Prison
The Happy Life
Youth and Age
My Mind to Me a Kingdom Is
Let Not Old Age Disgrace My High Desire
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd
What is our life?
Raleigh To His Son
My Body in the Walls Captived
Affection is Not Love
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
They that have Power to Hurt and will Do None
When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought
The Expense of Spirit in a Waste of Shame
Fain Would I Wed
Tears at the Grave of Sir Albertus Morton
Upon the Death of Sir Albert Morton's Wife
To His Little Child Benjamin, from the Tower
Of The Loss of Time
Sources
Montaigne
Introduction
Ways of Living
Hoarding
Truth
Education
Friendship
Poetry
Individuality
Glory
The Senses
Conversation
Old Age
Death
Source
Chong Ch'ol
Introduction
To One In Power
To One Out of Power
Warning to Politicians
Confusion in Government
I’ll Shine My Light on My Love
Thoughts of Him Keep Me Awake
What Matter if the Snow Flowers Melt?
Aftermath
Inconstancy
Endurance
Parting
Music Inspires
Natural Music
To Be Born a Woman
Raindrops
Clouds
Rustic Clothes
Cooperation
Seize the Day
Sources
Cervantes
Introduction
Affront Versus Injury
Beard Washing
Government
Justice
Personal Conduct
Proverbs
Judgment in Business
Limits of Punishment
Mercy Before Rigor
Source
Shakespeare
Introduction
Honor Among Thieves
Knightly Honor
How Many hast Thou Killed Today?
Can Honor Set a Leg?
The Peppered Ragamuffins
The Better Part of Valor is Discretion
The King’s Brothers, Friends, and Countrymen
The Honor of Kings
The Fewer, the Greater Share of Honor
Envious and Calumniating Time
The Honor of Quarreling Over Nothing
Source
Bacon
Introduction
Raise Human Knowledge
Idols and False Notions
Corruption by Preconceived Fancies
Degeneration Due to Credulity
Corruption by Abstraction, Superstition, and Theology
Need for Mature Suspension of Judgment
The Ultimate End of Knowledge
Dignity of Knowledge
The Need to Assist the Mind
Renewal of Science
Defects of Syllogistic Logic
Induction
Seeking a Foundation for Science
Help for the Senses
Indications for the Direction for Experiments
Deficiencies in Knowledge to be Remedied
The Art of Discourse
Death
Sources
Galileo
Introduction
The Fate of Copernicus
The Telescope
Astronomical Discoveries
Experiment and Demonstration
Life on the Moon
Senses and Language
Inquisition and Abjuration
Exile in Siena
Dynamics
Final Observations
Source